![]() ![]() ![]() Trehanpati N, Hissar S, Shrivastav S et al (2013) Immunological mechanisms of hepatitis B virus persistence in newborns. Milich DR, Jones JE, Hughes JL et al (1990) Is a function of the secreted hepatitis B e antigen to induce immunologic tolerance in utero? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87(17):6599–6603 (PubMed PMID: 2395863 PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC54584) Thimme R, Wieland S, Steiger C et al (2003) CD8(+) T cells mediate viral clearance and disease pathogenesis during acute hepatitis B virus infection. (PubMed PMID: 29742467)Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Lao TT, Sahota DS, Chan PKS (2018) Three decades of neonatal vaccination has greatly reduced antenatal prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among gravidae covered by the program. Accessed Įdmunds WJ, Medley GF, Nokes DJ et al (1993) The influence of age on the development of the hepatitis B carrier state. Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, towards ending viral hepatitis (2016). Stanaway JD, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M et al (2016) The global burden of viral hepatitis from 1990 to 2013: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Routine antenatal screening and neonatal immunoprophylaxis remain the key measures to reduce the global HBV burden, and additional antenatal antiviral treatment could further minimize the chance of persistent infection in newborns. ConclusionĮradication of HBV is achievable with optimal management of HBV carriers, especially during pregnancy by interruption of vertical transmission. A clinical algorithm to manage HBV carriers during pregnancy was proposed. We elaborated the viral load threshold to start maternal antiviral treatment and the importance of timely neonatal vaccination. Evidence suggested that highly viremia mother can be offered antenatal antiviral treatment to prevent immunoprophylaxis failure. We summarized the evidence of factors associated with, and measures to reduce and prevent maternal to child transmission, including the use of antiviral treatment during pregnancy to prevent immunoprophylaxis failure. We reviewed recent publications identified from PubMed database using a combination of the relevant keywords for HBV, pregnancy, vertical transmission, immunoprophylaxis failure and antiviral treatment. Since vertical transmission accounts for the majority of chronic HBV infection, pregnancy offers an excellent opportunity to achieve complete HBV eradication by providing effective immunization of the offspring. It is a global health issue and the World Health Organization aims to eradicate HBV by 2030. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains endemic and continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. ![]()
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